¶ … Environment Plays a Role in Learning
Development of human beings has always been due in part to the effects the environments they belong to and are part of contribute thereto. The "in part" does not mean a minor factor but an extensive one especially in the milieu of learning. Thus, the physical, social, cultural, political, economic and other environments play significant roles in learning and development especially if these are conducive to the mental and emotional growth. For instance, a person growing up in a developing nation where education is not a priority of the government and the person is marginalized, more than likely the learning of the person will be diminutive because of the negative environmental factors. On the other hand, if the person's social, political and economic environments are those that promote and contribute to optimum learning; then there is no reason for that person to fail in the endeavor. Without a doubt, "learning is a delicate relationship and interaction between the learner and his or her environments (Draves, 1995, p. 4)." The connection is critical and it is thence important to know the intricacies of how various environmental factors affect learning. Of particular concentration of this paper are the physical environment and the positive and negative effects it has on a person learning abilities.
Learning is achieved through the various cognitive abilities in order to acquire knowledge and understanding via experiencing, thinking, analyzing and sensing things and entities surrounding a person. There are various theories involved in learning and two of which are behaviorism and cognitivism. "Behaviorism believes that learning is evidenced by a change in actions through an explorative process that exposes individuals to external stimuli until a desired response occurs. The desired response is reinforced with rewards while undesired responses are not. (Akinsanmi, 2004)" On the opposite side of the pole and that which counters the learning premises of behaviorism is cognitivism, which "focuses on the study of mental processes and uses it to explain learning. This view compares the mind to a 'black box' -- one that needs to be opened and...
The black box, like a computer, receives information, processes it and then produces an output that may be stored in the mind or exhibited in behavior. (Semple, 2000 qtd. In Akinsanmi, 2004)" Although these two theories offer varying definitions and positions on how learning is achieved, there are still the external factors that are prevalent that make learning possible. As mentioned previously, external environments play major roles in eliciting optimum or sub-standard learning and within each of these environments, sub-factors abound.
The physical environment as one of the major stimuli to learning comprises of four elements: the learning room, teaching tools, natural environment, and learning mediums (Draves, 1995, p. 12). These four physical environmental elements can be further defined into two characteristics and Draves explains the relationship thereto (1995, p 12):
One characteristic is the location of the element, whether the element is external to the presenter and participant interaction, as are the learning room and the natural environment, or internal to the interaction, like teaching tools and learning mediums. The other characteristic is the nature of the element, whether it is human-built, as are the learning room and the teaching tools, or is part of the natural world, as are the natural environment and learning mediums.
Taking both the characteristics and the elements, these aspects of the physical environment certainly affect learning especially in how they affect the learner. On the learning media and teaching tools side, when these elements are poorly prepared and delivery of which are sub-standard, the learner may not gain the necessary understanding of instructions provided. The natural environments and learning rooms, whether in the classroom or places of study should provide quiet and secure atmosphere otherwise the results will be the same as that of the first two elements.
Bearing all of the above in mind, it is thus critical that the physical learning environment be conducive to learning and the design of which should contribute to maximum learning. There are several factors in the physical environment that may…
